Obsessive-compulsive and related symptoms in children and adolescents with rheumatic fever with and without chorea: A prospective 6-month study

Objective: The incidence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms were determined in pediatric patients with rheumatic fever. Method: The Leyton Obsessional Inventory and National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were used to evaluate children and adolescents who had rheumatic fever with Sydenham's chorea (N=30) or without chorea (N=20), They were assessed three times over 6 months from the onset of rheumatic fever. Psychiatric diagnoses were also determined, Results: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms abruptly appeared and peaked during the 2 months after the onset of rheumatic fever in 21 patients with chorea (70.0%) and were absent in all patients without chorea. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was diagnosed in five patients with chorea (16.7%). Conclusions: The association between Sydenham's chorea and OCD supports suggestions that similar mechanisms involving the basal ganglia underlie both disorders. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms occurred at the beginning of rheumatic fever, so early psychopathological assessments are essential.