Glyphosate sorption in soils of different pH and phosphorus content

The sorption mechanism of glyphosate, one of the most frequently used herbicides in the world, resembles that of phosphate, This study quantifies the variation in glyphosate sorption and desorption to a coarse sandy soil and to a sandy loam soil with varying phosphorus content and pH, Using batch experiments, glyphosate adsorption and desorption isotherms were determined on soil samples taken from long-term held experiments that received different additions of phosphorus and lime during 60-year (coarse sand) and 100-year (sandy loam) periods, Sorption isotherms were non-linear and manifested adsorption desorption non-singularity, The isotherms were best fitted with an extended Freundlich model, which had earlier been shown to describe phosphate sorption data well. The phosphate content in the soils had a significant influence on the sorption of glyphosate. With 0.5 M bicarbonate extractable P (pH 8.5) increasing from 6.2 to 58.7 in the loamy sand and 9.1 to 87.4 in the coarse sand, the extended Freundlich adsorption coefficient (K-f,K-MF,K-ads) decreased from 214.7 to 106 and from 154.0 to 83.5, respectively. Liming of the coarse sandy soil resulted in stronger glyphosate sorption because of an increase of reactive amorphous aluminum and iron hydrous oxides with increasing pH values. Glyphosate competes with phosphate for sorption sites, a quality that might result in glyphosate being sorbed more weakly in soils with high phosphorus levels.