Sources of human exposure - Overview of water supplies as sources of boron

被引:40
作者
Coughlin, JR [1 ]
机构
[1] Coughlin & Associates, Newport Coast, CA 92657 USA
关键词
boron; boric acid; drinking water; groundwater; surface water; bottled mineral water; STORET;
D O I
10.1007/BF02783129
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Boron (B) is widely distributed in surface and groundwaters predominantly as undissociated boric acid, and is found in ocean waters at a mean level of approx 4.6 mg B/L. A recent analysis of US surface waters indicated that the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile B levels were 0.010, 0.076, and 0.387 mg B/L, respectively. The same study found that the 50th and 90th percentile B levels in California drinking waters were 0.10 and 0.40 mg B/L, respectively. The overall mean B concentration in Canadian surface waters in 1988 was reported to be 0.16 mg B/L, with a few stations reporting concentrations above 2.0 mg B/L. Unusually high levels of B have been measured in human water supplies of northern Chile, with concentrations ranging from 0.31 to 15.2 mg B/L. River water sources of B in the UK and Northern Italy were found to range from 0.002 to 0.87 mg B/L, respectively, whereas German drinking waters had median and maximum B levels of 0.02 and 0.18 mg B/L, respectively. Bottled mineral water also represents a source of B exposure based on the largest reported survey of US and European products, with a mean level of 0.75 mg B/L and a range from <0.005 to 4.35 mg B/L. Thus, B intake from drinking water is highly variable and dependent on the geographic source, the quantities of water consumed and the water sources used to bottle other beverages.
引用
收藏
页码:87 / 100
页数:14
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