Alpha emitters from uranium mining in the environment

Uranium mining and milling activities usually generate an enhancement of radionuclide concentrations in the environment that may cause increased radiological exposure to mankind. For risk assessment and radiological protection of man and environment in these areas, usually, it is needed to implement radiological surveillance of water, soils, agricultural products, aerosols, and mining waste discharges as well. Radionuclides to be monitored in priority are alpha- emitting nuclides of the uranium natural series. Radioactivity analysis of materials from uranium mining areas of Portugal shows departure from secular radioactive equilibrium amongst uranium series radionuclides, thus rendering invalid the assumption of equilibrium and requiring the actual determination of each radionuclide. Radionuclide measurements performed with high resolution alphaspectrometry, as reported herein, produce accurate results on specific radionuclides that are essential in computing radiation doses to critical groups of the population.