Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Immediately Prior to Reperfusion, Decreases Neutrophil Activation and Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size in Rodents

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin that has glucoregulatory effects as well as protective effects in a variety of tissues, including the heart. We hypothesized that GLP-1 may have a direct effect on neutrophils (PMNs) after myocardial ischemia, to ameliorate reperfusion injury. Deeply anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Immediately prior to reperfusion, rats were treated with either GLP-1 (human rGLP-1, 30 pM/kg/min) or PBS as placebo. GLP-1 significantly decreased myocardial infarct size [73.2 +/- 11.7% INF/AAR in PBS (n=4) vs. 15.7 +/- 5.52% INF/AAR in GLP-1-treated animals (n=5), p < 0.05], PMN activation in blood in vivo (fMLP-stimulated CD11b surface expression: PBS 2.78 +/- 1.14 vs. GLP-1 1.7 +/- 0.21, TFI, p < 0.05), and accumulation in myocardium (PBS: 6.52 +/- 0.31 vs. GLP-1: 4.78 +/- 0.90, n = 4-6 animals/group, p < 0.05). In addition, we found that GLP-1 mitigated PMN CD11b surface expression in whole rat blood in vitro, an effect that was abolished by GLP-1 receptor blockade (PBS 6.52 +/- 0.31 vs. GLP-1 4.78 +/- 0.90, TFI, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that one mechanism by which GLP-1 decreases reperfusion injury may be the attenuation of PMN-mediated reperfusion injury.