Firm heterogeneity and competitive dynamics in alliance formation

We present a theoretical model that attempts to generalize the conditions for alliance formation. This model is based on internal and external conditions of alliance formation: resource heterogeneity and competitive dynamics. We also introduce a game-theoretic model of alliance formation according to the net gains from an alliance and the prevention of losses that could occur from competitors' alliance activities. The model provides a theoretical insight on a paradoxical setting that some firms join an alliance despite little gains while others avoid or delay it despite potentially strong gains from the alliance.