Synthesis and biological evaluation of an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin that is cleaved by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a PSA-positive orthotopic prostate carcinoma model (LNCaP)

被引:39
作者
Graeser, Ralph [1 ]
Chung, Da-Eun [2 ]
Esser, Norbert [1 ]
Moor, Sandra [1 ]
Schaechtele, Christoph [1 ]
Unger, Clemens [2 ]
Kratz, Felix [2 ]
机构
[1] Tumor Biol Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
[2] ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
关键词
doxorubicin; macromolecular prodrug; human serum albumin; PSA; orthotopic animal model; LNCaP; luciferase; in vivo bioluminescence;
D O I
10.1002/ijc.23050
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease that is over-expressed in prostate carcinoma and represents a molecular target for selectively releasing an anticancer agent from a prodrug formulation. We have recently investigated a macromolecular prodrug strategy for improved cancer chemotherapy based on 2 features: (i) rapid and selective binding of thiol-reactive prodrugs to the cysteine-34 position of endogenous albumin after intravenous administration, and (H) enzymatic release of the albumin-bound drug at the tumor site (Mansour et al., Cancer Res 2003, 63, 4062-4066). In this work, we describe an albumin-binding prodrug, EMC-Arg-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Arg-DOXO [EMC: r-Maleimidocaproic acid; DOXO = doxorubicin; X = amino acid] that is cleaved by PSA. Because of the incorporation of 2 arginine residues, the prodrug exhibited excellent water-solubility and was rapidly and selectively bound to endogenous albumin. Incubation studies with PSA and tumor homogenates from PSA-positive tumors (LNCaP) demonstrated that the albumin-bound form of the prodrug was efficiently cleaved by PSA at the P-1-P-1' scissile bond releasing the doxorubicin dipeptide H-Ser-Arg-DOXO, which was further degraded to doxorubicin as the final cleavage product. In cell culture experiments, the prodrug was similar to 100-fold less active against LNCaP cells than the free drug. In contrast, in a mouse model of human prostate cancer using luciferase transduced LNCaP cells orthotopically implanted in SCID mice, the prodrug showed enhanced antitumor efficacy when compared to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment at a dose of 2 X 4 mg/kg caused significant weight loss and mortality (-25%), and did not result in a significant antitumor response at the end of the experiment. The prodrug at 3 X 12 mg/kg doxorubicin equivalents, however, was well tolerated and induced a significant reduction in tumor size of 62% (+/- 25%, **p = 0.003) as well as a decrease of the metastatic burden in the lungs as detected in luciferase assays (-50%, SD +/- 115%, *p = 0.038). (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:1145 / 1154
页数:10
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