Cities in a World of Cities: The Comparative Gesture

被引:582
作者
Robinson, Jennifer [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1H 0AP, England
[2] Univ Cape Town, African Ctr Cities, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa
关键词
Comparative; Post-colonial; Methods; COMPARATIVE URBAN GOVERNANCE; CITY; GLOBALIZATION; ASSUMPTIONS; GEOGRAPHY; POLITICS;
D O I
10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00982.x
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学]; K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
Cities exist in a world of cities and thus routinely invite a comparative gesture in urban theorizing. However, for some decades urban studies have analytically divided the world of cities into, for example, wealthier and poorer, capitalist and socialist, or into different regional groupings of cities, with subsequently very little comparative research across these divides. Interest in drawing comparisons among different cities has escalated in an era of 'globalization', as economic and social activities as well as governance structures link cities together through spatially extensive flows of various kinds and intense networks of communication. Nonetheless, scholars of urban studies have been relatively reluctant to pursue the potential for international comparative research that stands at the heart of the field. Where an interest in globalization has drawn authors to explicit exercises in comparison, both the methodological resources and the prevalent intellectual and theoretical landscape have tended to limit and even undermine these initiatives. This article seeks, first, to understand why it is that in an intrinsically comparative field with an urgent contemporary need for thinking across different urban experiences, there has been relatively little comparative research, especially comparisons that stretch across the global North-South divide, or across contexts of wealthier and poorer cities. Secondly, through a review of existing strategies for comparing cities, the article considers the potential for comparative methodologies to overcome their limitations to meet growing demands for international and properly post-colonial urban studies. Finally, it proposes a new phase of comparative urban research that is experimental, but with theoretically rigorous foundations. Resume Les villes existent dans un monde de villes et invitent donc normalement a un mouvement comparatif au sein de la recherche urbaine. Toutefois, depuis quelques decennies, les demarches analytiques des etudes urbaines ont scinde le monde des villes en, par exemple, riches et pauvres, capitalistes et socialistes, ou en d'autres regroupements par regions, ce qui s'est traduit par de rares comparaisons entre ces grandes divisions. L'interet pour les travaux comparatifs entre villes s'est accentue au fil de la 'mondialisation', les activites economiques et sociales ainsi que les structures de gouvernance reliant les villes par des flux de plusieurs types et de grande envergure spatiale, et par d'actifs reseaux de communication. Pourtant, les auteurs d'etudes urbaines se sont montres peu enclins a approfondir le potentiel de recherches comparatives internationales qu'offre ce domaine. Lorsqu'un interet pour la mondialisation a pousse certains a des exercices comparatifs detailles, tant les ressources methodologiques que le contexte theorique et intellectuel dominant ont plutot limite, voire aneanti, ces initiatives. Dans un premier temps, cet article cherche a comprendre pourquoi, dans un domaine comparatif par nature ou un besoin urgent appelle a une reflexion associant differentes experiences urbaines, les etudes comparatives sont relativement rares, notamment les comparaisons qui depassent la division entre Nord et Sud, ou entre les villes les plus riches et les plus pauvres. Ensuite, faisant le bilan des strategies de comparaison existantes, il envisage les methodologies comparatives qui pourraient repousser leurs limites pour repondre aux demandes croissantes en etudes urbaines internationales et reellement postcoloniales. Pour finir, l'article propose une nouvelle phase experimentale d'etudes urbaines comparatives, egalement dotee de fondements rigoureux sur le plan theorique.
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页码:1 / 23
页数:23
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