Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes

被引：276

作者：

Malarkey, Erik B. ^{[1
]}

Parpura, Vladirrtir ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Glial Neuronal Interact, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

来源：

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL | 2008年 / 52卷 / 1-2期

关键词：

glutamate release; exocytosis; transporters; P2X receptors; connexin "hemichannels; anion channels;

D O I：

10.1016/j.neuint.2007.06.005

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Astrocytes can release the excitatory transmitter glutamate which is capable of modulating activity in nearby neurons. This astrocytic glutamate release can occur through six known mechanisms: (i) reversal of uptake by glutamate transporters (ii) anion channel opening induced by cell swelling, (iii) Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, (iv) glutamate exchange via the cystine-glutamate antiporter, (v) release through ionotropic purinergic receptors and (vi) functional unpaired connexons, "hemichannels", on the cell surface. Although these various pathways have been defined, it is not clear how often and to what extent astrocytes employ different mechanisms. It will be necessary to determine whether the same glutamate release mechanisms that operate under physiological conditions operate during pathological conditions or whether there are specific release mechanisms that operate under particular conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：142 / 154

页数：13

共 109 条

[1] Methylmercury inhibits the in vitro uptake of the glutathione precursor, cystine, in astrocytes, but not in neurons [J].