Inactivating mutations in ESCO2 cause SC phocomelia and Roberts syndrome:: No phenotype-genotype correlation

被引:102
作者
Schüle, B
Oviedo, A
Johnston, K
Pai, S
Francke, U
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Kaiser Permanente, Dept Pathol, Oakland, CA USA
[4] Kaiser Permanente, Dept Genet, San Francisco, CA USA
[5] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1086/498695
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
The rare, autosomal recessive Roberts syndrome (RBS) is characterized by tetraphocomelia, profound growth deficiency of prenatal onset, craniofacial anomalies, microcephaly, and mental deficiency. SC phocomelia (SC) has a milder phenotype, with a lesser degree of limb reduction and with survival to adulthood. Since heterochromatin repulsion (HR) is characteristic for both disorders and is not complemented in somatic-cell hybrids, it has been hypothesized that the disorders are allelic. Recently, mutations in ESCO2 (establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2) on 8p21.1 have been reported in RBS. To determine whether ESCO2 mutations are also responsible for SC, we studied three families with SC and two families in which variable degrees of limb and craniofacial abnormalities, detected by fetal ultrasound, led to pregnancy terminations. All cases were positive for HR. We identified seven novel mutations in exons 3-8 of ESCO2. In two families, affected individuals were homozygous-for a 5-nucleotide deletion in one family and a splice-site mutation in the other. In three nonconsanguineous families, probands were compound heterozygous for a single-nucleotide insertion or deletion, a nonsense mutation, or a splice-site mutation. Abnormal splice products were characterized at the RNA level. Since only protein-truncating mutations were identified, regardless of clinical severity, we conclude that genotype does not predict phenotype. Having established that RBS and SC are caused by mutations in the same gene, we delineated the clinical phenotype of the tetraphocomelia spectrum that is associated with HR and ESCO2 mutations and differentiated it from other types of phocomelia that are negative for HR.
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页码:1117 / 1128
页数:12
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