Methods for modeling particle deposition as a function of age

The purpose of this paper is to review the application of mathematical models of inhaled particle deposition to people of various ages. The basic considerations of aerosol physics, biological characteristics and model structure are presented along with limitations inherent in modem modeling techniques. Application of the models to children and senescent adults has been largely based on extrapolating anatomical and physiological data from young adults to match the changes observed during growth and aging. Sample results are included for total particle deposition and deposition in the bronchial and pulmonary regions. The models proposed provide particle deposition predictions that are consistent with the scant measurements available. The models discussed appear to be on firm theoretical grounds, but they are largely limited in application to simple aerosols and average individuals. Also, additional validation of the computational predictions is needed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.