Identification of some Slovakian and European wines origin by the use of factor analysis of elemental data

A model for traceability of Slovakian wines according to affiliation to vineyard regions and differentiation from imported wines was proposed using the elemental markers of origin determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and factoring (PCF) were used for elements variability determination and visualization of data. For the regional segregation of Slovakian wines according the vineyard production areas the Ca, Mg, Rb, Sr, Ba, and V were selected as some crucial specific markers of origin. Principal component factoring using Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Li, Mg, Rb, Sr, and V markers resulted in a very efficient differentiation of Slovakian wines from many European ones. According to this model the European wines differ in content mainly of Ca, Mg, Rb, and Sr and the best discrimination for Portugal, Italian, Spain, and partially for French wines was achieved. For the geographical authentication factor analysis of multielemental composition data was more effective tool than generally used PCA statistics.