Substance Abuse and Movement Disorders

被引:32
作者
Brust, John C. M. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10037 USA
[2] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA
关键词
ethanol; heroin; meperidine; psychostimulant; myoclonus; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALCOHOL-WITHDRAWAL; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MYOCLONUS-DYSTONIA; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ESSENTIAL TREMOR; CHOREOATHETOID MOVEMENTS;
D O I
10.1002/mds.22599
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
An array of movement disorders is associated with ethanol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. Heavy ethanol users experience withdrawal tremor and, less often, withdrawal parkinsonism, chorea, and myoclonus. Asterixis is a feature of hepatic failure. On the other hand, ethanol can ameliorate essential tremor and myoclonus-dystonia. Among opioid drugs, meperidine can precipitate myoclonus. Severe parkinsonism affected users of a synthetic meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Spongiform leukoencephalopathy, sometimes with chorea and myoclonus, occurred in inhalers of heroin vapor (chasing the dragon). Psychostimulants including cocaine acutely cause stereotypies and dyskinesias. Phencyclidine toxicity causes myoclonus. Tobacco use, on the other hand, protects against Parkinson's disease. Clinicians need to consider substance abuse in patients with unexplained movement disorders. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society
引用
收藏
页码:2010 / 2020
页数:11
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