Human exposure to bisphenol A by biomonitoring: Methods, results and assessment of environmental exposures

被引:379
作者
Dekant, Wolfgang [1 ]
Voelkel, Wolfgang [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Toxicol, D-97078 Wurzburg, Germany
[2] Bavarian Hlth & Food Safety Author, Munich, Germany
关键词
bisphenol A; human exposure; biomonitoring; exposure assessment; risk assessment;
D O I
10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.008
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Human exposure to bisphenol A is controversially discussed. This review critically assesses methods for biomonitoring of bisphenol A exposures and reported concentrations of bisphenol A in blood and urine of non-occupationally ("environmentally") exposed humans. From the many methods published to assess bisphenol A concentrations in biological media, mass spectrometry-based methods are considered most appropriate due to high sensitivity selectivity and precision. In human blood, based on the known toxicokinetics of bisphenol A in humans, the expected very low concentrations of bisphenol A due to rapid biotransformation and the very rapid excretion result in severe limitations in the use of reported blood levels of bisphenol A for exposure assessment. Due to the rapid and complete excretion of orally administered bisphenol A, urine samples are considered as the appropriate body fluid for bisphenol A exposure assessment. In urine samples from several cohorts, bisphenol A (as glucuronide) was present in average concentrations in the range of 1-3 mu g/L suggesting that daily human exposure to bisphenol A is below 6 mu g per person (<0.1 mu g/kg bw/day) for the majority of the population. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:114 / 134
页数:21
相关论文
共 117 条
[1]   Human biomonitoring: State of the art [J].
Angerer, Juergen ;
Ewers, Ulrich ;
Wilhelm, Michael .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 2007, 210 (3-4) :201-228
[2]  
[Anonymous], J ENV CHEM
[3]  
[Anonymous], 2006, The EFSA Journal, V428, P1
[4]  
Arakawa Chikako, 2004, Environ Health Prev Med, V9, P22, DOI 10.1265/ehpm.9.22
[5]   Lack of effects for low dose levels of bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol on the prostate gland of CF1 mice exposed in utero [J].
Ashby, J ;
Tinwell, H ;
Haseman, J .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 1999, 30 (02) :156-166
[6]   Limitations of a case-control study on bisphenol A (BPA) serum levels and recurrent miscarriage [J].
Berkowitz, G .
HUMAN REPRODUCTION, 2006, 21 (02) :565-566
[7]   ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY OF DDT ANALOGS AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS [J].
BITMAN, J ;
CECIL, HC .
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 1970, 18 (06) :1108-&
[8]   Comparative assessment of endocrine modulators with oestrogenic activity: I. Definition of a hygiene-based margin of safety (HBMOS) for xeno-oestrogens against the background of European developments [J].
Bolt, HM ;
Janning, P ;
Michna, H ;
Degen, GH .
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY, 2001, 74 (11) :649-662
[9]   Human biomonitoring activities - Programmes by industry [J].
Boogaard, Peter J. .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 2007, 210 (3-4) :259-261
[10]   Measurement of bisphenol A levels in human urine [J].
Brock, JW ;
Yoshimura, Y ;
Barr, JR ;
Maggio, VL ;
Graiser, SR ;
Nakazawa, H ;
Needham, LL .
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2001, 11 (04) :323-328