Electrolytic removal of ammonia from brine wastewater: scale-up, operation and pilot-scale evaluation

Brine wastewater with a high ammonia content from an iodine processing plant (commonly called kansui in Japan) was treated by electrolysis. The system, which can be considered as an indirect electrolytic treatment process, generates chlorine at the anodes and initiates the formation of mixed oxidants like hypochlorous acid. The oxidants then act as agents for ammonia destruction. Laboratory-scale experiments showed that high ammonia concentrations (as much as 200 mg dm(-3)) could be completely removed within a few minutes, and could be considered a good alternative for efficient ammonia removal from saline wastewaters. From laboratory-scale experiments in the batch and continuous modes, the charge dose was analyzed and used as the operating and scale-up factor. The value of the charge dose was not severely affected by changes in operating conditions such as electrode spacing and temperature. The charge dose from batch and continuous runs was found to be in the range of 23 C (mg NH4-N removed)(-1) to 29 C (mg NH4-N removed)(-1). Using the charge dose obtained from laboratory-scale continuous electrolysis experiments as the scale-up factor, a pilot-scale reactor was designed, and the operating conditions were calculated. In the pilot-scale reactor tests at different flow rates, the effluent ammonia concentrations were reasonably close to the calculated values predicted from the charge dose equation. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.