Drug-resistant Drosophila indicate glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics nodulisporic acid and ivermectin

被引:152
作者
Kane, NS
Hirschberg, B
Qian, S
Hunt, D
Thomas, B
Brochu, R
Ludmerer, SW
Zheng, YC
Smith, M
Arena, JP
Cohen, CJ
Schmatz, D
Warmke, J
Cully, DF
机构
[1] Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA
[2] Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19286 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1073/pnas.240464697
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was used to examine the mode of action of the novel insecticide and acaricide nodulisporic acid. Flies resistant to nodulisporic acid were selected by stepwise increasing the dose of drug in the culture media. The resistant strain, glc(1), is at least 20-fold resistant to nodulisporic acid and 3-fold cross-resistant to the parasiticide ivermectin, and exhibited decreased brood size, decreased locomotion, and bang sensitivity. Binding assays using glc(1) head membranes showed a marked decrease in the affinity for nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. A combination of genetics and sequencing identified a proline to serine mutation (P299S) in the gene coding for the glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit DmGluCl alpha. To examine the effect of this mutation on the biophysical properties of DmGluCl alpha channels, it was introduced into a recombinant DmGluCl alpha, and RNA encoding wild-type and mutant subunits was injected into Xenopus oocytes. Nodulisporic: acid directly activated wild-type and mutant DmGluCl alpha channels. However. mutant channels were approximate to 10-fold less sensitive to activation by nodulisporic acid, as well as ivermectin and the endogenous ligand glutamate, providing direct evidence that nodulisporic acid and ivermectin act on DmGluCl alpha channels.
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页码:13949 / 13954
页数:6
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