Int central Africa where governments and funding agencies cover only a fraction of the recurrent expenditures needed to effectively manage the protected-areas network, it is essential to invest in the people who will be called on to participate in conservation efforts over the long term. In the Gamba Protected Areas Complex in southwestern Gabon we analyzed the perseverance of all those who participated in training sessions, held since 1996 in ecological survey techniques and in participatory rural appraisal (socioeconomic studies). Of government agents who attended the respective training sessions, 7.7% continued ecological surveys and 0% continued participatory rural appraisal 2 years after training However, 76.2% and 60.0% of the members of local communities who received training were still active in ecological surveys and participatory rural appraisal respectively after 2 years. Definitive conclusions regarding of nongovernmental organization members cannot be drawn because of the low number of initial participants in the training programs Based on our results, village collaborators seem to be a more "sustainable" human resource than government agents or of nongovernmental organizations members. Even though local communities cannot be solely responsible for managing protected areas today's conservation professionals must acknowledge the strengths and limitations of village collaborators. Implementing a process involving the participation and the emulation of community members is a demanding task because protected-area managers must be based in the field to identify key individuals and to organize intensive training sessions Also, constant support must be provided during the first years, and then the most capable and motivated collaborators will be able to pursue further training and well their way up through the ranks of the protected area's organizational structure.
