Ionization induced scattering of short intense laser pulses

Intense laser pulses propagating in gases undergoing ionization are subject to a scattering instability due to the dependence of the ionization rate on the laser electric field. The instability is convective, and growth is limited for a pulse of finite extent by propagation out of the unstable region. In the nonlinear regime, where the scattered wave amplitude becomes large, the scattering instability saturates at a level that gives rise to full modulation of both the plasma density and laser pulse amplitude. [S0031-9007(99)09053-5].