A copper-based reverse atom-transfer radical polymerization process for the living radical polymerization of polyacrylonitrile

The reverse atom-transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) technique using CuCl2/2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) complex as a catalyst was applied to the living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN). A hexasubstituted ethane thermal iniferter, diethyl 2,3-dicyano-2,3-diphenylsuccinate (DCDPS), was firstly used as the initiator in this copper-based RATRP initiation system. A CuCl2 to bipy ratio of 0.5 not only gives the best control of molecular weight and its distribution, but also provides rather rapid reaction rate. The rate of polymerization increases with increasing the polymerization temperature, and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 57.4 kJ mol(-1). Because the polymers obtained were end-functionalized by chlorine atoms, they were used as macroinitiators to proceed the chain extension polymerization in the presence of CuCl/bipy catalyst system via a conventional ATRP process. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.