An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova

被引：410

作者：

Soderberg, A. M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Berger, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Page, K. L. ^{[3
]}

Schady, P. ^{[4
]}

Parrent, J. ^{[5
]}

Pooley, D. ^{[6
]}

Wang, X. -Y. ^{[7
]}

Ofek, E. O. ^{[8
]}

Cucchiara, A. ^{[9
]}

Rau, A. ^{[8
]}

Waxman, E. ^{[10
]}

Simon, J. D. ^{[8
]}

Bock, D. C. -J. ^{[11
]}

Milne, P. A. ^{[12
]}

Page, M. J. ^{[4
]}

Barentine, J. C. ^{[13
]}

Barthelmy, S. D. ^{[14
]}

Beardmore, A. P. ^{[3
]}

Bietenholz, M. F. ^{[15
,16
]}

Brown, P. ^{[9
]}

Burrows, A. ^{[1
]}

Burrows, D. N. ^{[9
]}

Byrngelson, G. ^{[17
]}

Cenko, S. B. ^{[18
]}

Chandra, P. ^{[19
]}

Cummings, J. R. ^{[20
,21
]}

Fox, D. B. ^{[9
]}

Gal-Yam, A. ^{[10
]}

Gehrels, N. ^{[20
,21
]}

Immler, S. ^{[20
,21
]}

Kasliwal, M. ^{[8
]}

Kong, A. K. H. ^{[22
,23
]}

Krimm, H. A. ^{[20
,21
,24
]}

Kulkarni, S. R. ^{[8
]}

Maccarone, T. J. ^{[25
]}

Meszaros, P. ^{[9
]}

Nakar, E. ^{[18
]}

O'Brien, P. T. ^{[3
]}

Overzier, R. A. ^{[26
]}

de Pasquale, M. ^{[4
]}

Racusin, J. ^{[9
]}

Rea, N. ^{[27
]}

York, D. G. ^{[28
]}

机构：

[1] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[2] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA

[3] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[4] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England

[5] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA

[6] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[7] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China

[8] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[9] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[10] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[11] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[12] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[13] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[14] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[15] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada

[16] Hartebeestehoek Radio Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa

[17] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA

[18] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[19] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA

[20] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[21] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[22] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu, Taiwan

[23] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan

[24] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA

[25] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[26] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[27] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands

[28] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2008年 / 453卷 / 7194期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1038/nature06997

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Massive stars end their short lives in spectacular explosions-supernovae-that synthesize new elements and drive galaxy evolution. Historically, supernovae were discovered mainly through their 'delayed' optical light (some days after the burst of neutrinos that marks the actual event), preventing observations in the first moments following the explosion. As a result, the progenitors of some supernovae and the events leading up to their violent demise remain intensely debated. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova at the time of the explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst. We attribute the outburst to the 'break-out' of the supernova shock wave from the progenitor star, and show that the inferred rate of such events agrees with that of all core-collapse supernovae. We predict that future wide-field X-ray surveys will catch each year hundreds of supernovae in the act of exploding.

引用

页码：469 / 474

页数：6

共 44 条

[1] TYPE-I SUPER-NOVAE .1. ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS FOR THE EARLY PART OF THE LIGHT-CURVE [J].

ARNETT, WD .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1982, 253 (02) :785-797

[2] SUPERNOVA 1987A [J].

ARNETT, WD ;

BAHCALL, JN ;

KIRSHNER, RP ;

WOOSLEY, SE .

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 1989, 27 :629-700

[3] Postlaunch analysis of Swift's gamma-ray burst detection sensitivity [J].

Band, David L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 644 (01) :378-384

[4] A standard kinetic energy reservoir in gamma-ray burst afterglows [J].

Berger, E ;

Kulkarni, SR ;

Frail, DA .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 590 (01) :379-385

[5] A radio survey of type Ib and Ic supernovae: Searching for engine-driven supernovae [J].

Berger, E ;

Kulkarni, SR ;

Frail, DA ;

Soderberg, AM .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 599 (01) :408-418

[6] The galaxy luminosity function and luminosity density at redshift z=0.1 [J].

Blanton, MR ;

Hogg, D ;

Bahcall, NA ;

Brinkmann, J ;

Britton, M ;

Connolly, AJ ;

Csabai, I ;

Fukugita, M ;

Loveday, J ;

Meiksin, A ;

Munn, JA ;

Nichol, RC ;

Okamura, S ;

Quinn, T ;

Schneider, DP ;

Shimasaku, K ;

Strauss, MA ;

Tegmark, M ;

Vogeley, MS ;

Weinberg, DH .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 592 (02) :819-838

[7]

Campana S, 2006, NATURE, V442, P1008, DOI 10.1038/natureO4892

[8] A very large array 3.6 centimeter continuum survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars [J].

Cappa, C ;

Goss, WM ;

van der Hucht, KA .

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 127 (05) :2885-2897

[9]

Cappellaro E, 1999, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V351, P459

[10] SELF-SIMILAR SOLUTIONS FOR THE INTERACTION OF STELLAR EJECTA WITH AN EXTERNAL MEDIUM [J].

CHEVALIER, RA .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1982, 258 (02) :790-797

← 1 2 3 4 5 →