Black carbon concentrations in precipitation and near surface air in and near Halifax, Nova Scotia

Black carbon (soot) concentrations have been measured in rain water, snow samples and near surface air at several locations in Nova Scotia, Canada. The average black carbon concentration in near surface air in summer was found to be 0.54 mu g m (-3) compared to 1.74 mu g m (-3) in the winter season. These values are comparable to black carbon concentrations found in other mid-size urban areas. The black carbon concentration in rain water and snow samples varied between an undetectable amount to about 20 mu g kg(-1) of rain (or melt) water. The relatively low concentrations of black carbon in precipitation are attributed to extratropical cyclones that often develop oh-shore to the east and south of Nova Scotia in relatively clean conditions of the marine boundary layer. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.