Bronchial artery embolization in patients with hemoptysis including follow-up

Background: Hemoptysis can be an acute medical emergency, which can be localized angiographically and controlled by therapeutic intervention. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bronchial artery embolization, and including follow-up in patients with hemoptysis. Material and Methods: Thirty-five vascular interventions were performed in 28 patients (nine women and 19 men, mean age 42 years, age range 20-82 years) treated for hemoptysis between January 1998 and October 2008. Underlying diseases were cystic fibrosis (n = 9), lung cancer (n = 6), chronic inflammatory disease (n = 4), bronchiectasis (n = 3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 2), and other (n = 4), Bronchial artery embolization was performed using particles. Patients were followed up for a median of 23 months (range 1 month to 8 years). Results: Bronchial artery embolization was technically successful in all patients (bleeding halted within 24 hours). Recurrent bleeding occurred in four patients with cystic fibrosis (14%) at one, 16, 19 and 48 months, respectively. Within this subset, multirecurrence bleeding occurred in one patient with cystic fibrosis. Cumulative patient survival rate was 74% at eight years. No patient died due to hemoptysis but due to underlying disease. Conclusion: Bronchial artery embolization was highly effective in patients with hemoptysis. It may help to avoid surgery in patients who are poor candidates for surgery. Should hemoptysis recur in these patients, repeated embolization can be performed.