Fall risk assessment measures: An analytic review

被引:329
作者
Perell, KL
Nelson, A
Goldman, RL
Luther, SL
Prieto-Lewis, N
Rubenstein, LZ
机构
[1] VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, W Los Angeles Healthcare Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
[3] Mt St Marys Coll, Dept Phys Therapy, Los Angeles, CA USA
[4] James A Haley Vet Adm Med Ctr, Vet Integrated Serv Network 8, Patient Safety Ctr Inquiry, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
[5] Off Qual & Performance, VA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA
[6] Gait & Balance Clin N Florida, S Georgia Vet Hlth Syst, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Gainesville, FL USA
[7] VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Ctr, Sepulveda, CA USA
来源
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES | 2001年 / 56卷 / 12期
关键词
D O I
10.1093/gerona/56.12.M761
中图分类号
R592 [老年病学]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 100203 ;
摘要
Background. Clinicians are often unaware of the many existing scales for identifying fall risk and are uncertain about how to select an appropriate one. Our purpose was to summarize existing fall risk assessment scales to enable more informed choices regarding their use. Methods. After a systematic literature search, 21 articles published from 1984 through 2000 describing 20 fall risk assessments were reviewed independently for content and validation by a panel of five reviewers using a standardized review form. Fourteen were institution-focused nursing assessment scales, and six were functional assessment scales. Results. The majority of the scales were developed for elderly populations. mainly in hospital or nursing home settings. The patient characteristics assessed were quite similar across the nursing assessment forms. The time to complete the form varied from less than I minute to 80 minutes. For those scales with reported diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity varied from 43% to 100% (median = 80%), and specificity varied from 38% to 96% (median = 75%). Several scales with superior diagnostic characteristics were identified. Conclusions. A substantial number of fall risk assessment tools are readily available and assess similar patient characteristics. Although their diagnostic accuracy and overall usefulness showed wide variability, there are several scales that can be used with confidence as part of an effective falls prevention program. Consequently, there should be little need for facilities to develop their own scales. To continue to develop fall risk assessments unique to individual facilities may be counterproductive because scores will not be comparable across facilities.
引用
收藏
页码:M761 / M766
页数:6
相关论文
共 44 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 2001, J AM GERIATR SOC, V49, P664, DOI DOI 10.1046/J.1532-5415.2001.49115.X
[2]  
Berg K, 1996, CLIN GERIATR MED, V12, P705
[3]  
BERG K, 1989, Physiotherapy Canada, V41, P240
[4]  
Brians L K, 1991, Rehabil Nurs, V16, P67
[5]  
Connell BR, 1996, CLIN GERIATR MED, V12, P859
[6]  
CUTSON TM, 1994, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V49, P149
[7]   Validation of a fall-risk screening test, the Elderly Fall Screening Test (EFST), for community-dwelling elderly [J].
Cwikel, JG ;
Fried, AV ;
Biderman, A ;
Galinsky, D .
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION, 1998, 20 (05) :161-167
[8]   FUNCTIONAL REACH - A NEW CLINICAL MEASURE OF BALANCE [J].
DUNCAN, PW ;
WEINER, DK ;
CHANDLER, J ;
STUDENSKI, S .
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY, 1990, 45 (06) :M192-M197
[9]  
Fife D D, 1984, Nurs Manage, V15, P50
[10]  
FLEMING KC, 1995, MAYO CLIN PROC, V70, P890