Outbreak of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a pediatric hospital in Warsaw, Poland:: Clonal spread of the TEM-47 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strain and transfer of a plasmid carrying the SHV5-like ESBL-encoding gene

In 1996 a large, 300-bed pediatric hospital in Warsaw, Poland, started a program of monitoring infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms. Over the first 3-month period eight Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified as being resistant to ceftazidime. Six of these were found to produce the TEM-47 ESBL, which we first described in a K. pneumoniae strain recovered a year before in a pediatric hospital in Lodz, Poland, which is 140 km from Warsaw. Typing results revealed a very close relatedness among all these isolates, which suggested that the clonal outbreak in Warsaw,vas caused by a strain possibly imported from Mdi. The remaining two isolates expressed the SHV-5-like ESBL, which resulted from the horizontal transfer of a plasmid carrying the bla(SHV) gene between nonrelated strains. The data presented here exemplify the complexity of the epidemiological situation concerning ESBL producers typical for large Polish hospitals, in which no ESBL-monitoring programs were in place prior to 1995.