Overview of HIV

被引:41
作者
Klimas, Nancy
Koneru, Anne O'Brien
Fletcher, Mary Ann
机构
[1] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, VA Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[2] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA
[3] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA
来源
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE | 2008年 / 70卷 / 05期
关键词
HIV/AIDS; disease progression; immune response; treatment;
D O I
10.1097/PSY.0b013e31817ae69f
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
This article provides an overview and reviews the HIV pandemic, the basic biology and immunology of the virus (e.g., genetic diversity of HIV and the viral life cycle), the phases of disease progression, modes of HIV transmission, HIV testing, immune response to the infection, and current therapeutic strategies. HIV is occurring in epidemic proportions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the US, men who have sex with men account for over half of AIDS diagnoses; racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionally affected. Factors influencing the progression and severity of HIV infection include type of immune response, coinfection (e.g., another sexually transmitted infection, including hepatitis B or C), age and behavioral and psychosocial factors. Antiretroviral therapies can achieve reduction in blood levels of the HIV virus below the limits of detection by current technology. However, effective treatment requires adherence to therapy. Patient failure to adhere to treatment regimens results in detectible circulating virus and in HIV disease progression, and is the primary cause of drug resistance. In addition to research on the immunology and virology of the disease, other studies focus on behavioral and psychosocial factors that may affect medication adherence and risk behaviors.
引用
收藏
页码:523 / 530
页数:8
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