In vitro and in vivo characterization of bradykinin B-2 receptors in the rabbit and the guinea pig

A comparative study has been performed in isolated organs and in anesthetized animals, rabbits and guinea pigs, to evaluated the myotropic responses (in the organs) and the blood pressure changes (in the animals) induced by bradykinin (BK) and related peptides. Antagonist affinities have also been estimated in vitro in terms of pA(2) and in vivo in terms of ID50, to characterize the kinin B-2 receptors in the two species. Differences have been found both in the order of potency of agonists and in the affinity of antagonists: in fact, in the rabbit, [Hyp(3)]BK > [Aib(7)]BK, is the opposite order of what is found in the guinea pig, namely, [Aib(7)]BK > [Hyp(3)]BK, both in vitro and in vivo. Results obtained with antagonists also show important differences between the two species, since DArg[Hyp(3),DPhe(7),Leu(8)]BK is more active in the rabbit than in the guinea pig, while WIN-64338 is fairly active in the guinea pig and almost inactive in the rabbit. HOE-140, the long-acting antagonist of the B-2 receptor, shows similar affinities in vitro in the two species. In another series of experiments, peptide degradation by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has been investigated to see whether the differences of potency observed between certain peptides interacting with the B-2 receptor were due to metabolic degradation. When incubated in the presence of pure ACE from rabbit lung, BK, [Hyp(3)]BK, and desArg(9)BK are readily degraded, while [Aib(7)]BK, HOE-140, and DArg[Hyp(3),DPhe(7),Leu(8)]BK are not. When applied intravenously (i.v.), to obtain degradation by the lung, and intraarterially (i.a.), to avoid such degradation, the effect of BK (i.v.) is markedly reduced (compared with the effects i.a.), while no difference is observed for [Aib(7)]BK. Thus, despite its resistance to degradation by ACE, [Aib(7)]BK shows very little activity in the rabbit, suggesting that the major cause in the variation of affinities observed between kinin analogs is related to their pharmacodynamic properties. Taken together, the results speak strongly in favor of the existence of B-2 receptor subtypes in the peripheral circulation of the rabbit and the guinea pig. Results obtained in vivo, both in pharmacological and biochemical experiments, are in accord with the findings obtained in isolated organs and with purified ACE enzyme.