Nutrient and sediment removal by a restored wetland receiving agricultural runoff

被引:177
作者
Jordan, TE
Whigham, DF
Hofmockel, KH
Pittek, MA
机构
[1] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
[2] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[3] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq2003.1534
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Few studies have measured removal of pollutants by restored wetlands that receive highly variable inflows. We used automated flow-proportional sampling to monitor the removal of nutrients and sus? ended solids by a 1.3-ha restored wetland receiving unregulated inflows from a 14-ha agricultural watershed in Maryland, USA. Water entered the wetland mainly in brief pulses of runoff, which sometimes exceeded the 2500-m(3) water holding capacity of the wetland. Half of the total water inflow occurred in only 24 days scattered throughout the two-year study. Measured annual water gains were within 5% of balancing water losses. Annual removal of nutrients differed greatly between the two years of the study. The most removal occurred in the first year, which included a three-month period of decreasing water level in the wetland. In that year, the wetland removed 59% of the total P, 38% of the total N, and 41% of the total organic C it received. However, in the second year, which lacked a drying period, there was no significant (p > 0.05) net removal of total N or P, although 30% of the total organic C input was removed. For the entire two-year period, the wetland removed 25% of the ammonium, 52% of the nitrate, and 34% of the organic C it received, but there was no significant net removal of total suspended solids (TSS) or other forms of N and P. Although the variability of inflow may have decreased the capacity of the wetland to remove materials, the wetland still reduced nonpoint-source pollution.
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页码:1534 / 1547
页数:14
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