Plasma adiponectin concentration before and after successful kidney transplantation

Background: Adiponectin, a protein secreted exclusively by adipocytes, is presumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. An elevated plasma adiponectin concentration was found in ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, the role of kidneys in adiponectin biodegradation/elimination is unknown. Therefore, we assessed plasma adiponectin concentrations in ESRD patients before and after successful kidney transplantation. Methods: Among 44 hemodialyzed patients (29 men, 15 women; mean age 39 +/- 11 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 23.6 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2); mean duration of HD treatment before kidney transplantation 27 +/- 26 months), plasma adiponectin concentrations and insulin resistance indices (HOMA-R) were measured twice: immediately before kidney transplantation (Tx) and 1-2 days before patient discharge from the hospital with stable kidney transplant function (mean serum creatinine level 191 +/- 105 mumol/L). The control group consisted of 22 normotensive healthy subjects (12 men, 10 women). Results: Among uremic patients, before Tx, plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher than in healthy subjects (20.8 +/- 8.3 vs 8.7 +/- 4.8 mug/mL; P < .001) After successful Tx, plasma adiponectin concentrations decreased significantly (20.8 +/- 8.3 vs 15.7 +/- 7.0 mug/mL before and after Tx, respectively; P < .001). Simultaneously, after successful kidney transplantation, an increase in HOMA-R was observed (1.01 +/- 0.61 vs 1.43 +/- 0.83; P = .002). However, changes in adiponectinemia did not significantly correlate with serum creatinine or HOMA-R. Conclusion: The kidneys seem to play an important role in adiponectin biodegradation and/or elimination.