Lay beliefs about hypertension: An interpretive synthesis of the qualitative research

Purpose: The purpose of this interpretive synthesis was to explore lay beliefs about high blood pressure and its treatment in order to develop a foundation for better partnering with clients. Data sources: Meta-interpretation was used to analyze 11 qualitative research studies published in the United States between 2000 and 2005. Conclusions: Professional and lay beliefs about hypertension are not congruent. Historical factors, lack of congruence between belief systems, and poor relationships with providers lead many clients, especially African Americans, to distrust providers and impede the effectiveness of treatment plans. The most problematic discrepancies were related to beliefs about (a) the presence of symptoms, (b) the need to take medications for the rest of life, and (c) race-specific treatment plans. The interactions between nurse practitioners and hypertensive clients have not been explored. Implications for practice: Professional-client interactions based on partnership models, with specific consideration for the above-stated discrepancies in beliefs, are necessary to improve hypertension control.