Amplification success and feasibility of using microsatellite loci amplified from dung to population genetic studies of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

The use of microsatellite DNA markers in large mammal conservation genetics has been limited by the logistic difficulty in obtaining optimal sources of DNA from free-ranging animals. Here, we show high amplification success of microsatellite DNA from elephant dung samples collected under field conditions. Amplification success depended on how fresh the sample was when collected, and on the sensitivity of primers at individual loci. No significant allelic dropout was observed. We also examined the loci for selective neutrality, independent inheritance, of loci, and the probability of identity of individuals to confirm their utility in studies of population genetic structure.