Influence of restricted maternal nutrition in early to mid gestation on placental and petal development at term in sheep

We investigated the influence of restricted maternal nutrition between 28 and 77 d of gestation on placental weight and appearance, and on fetal weight and conformation. Single-bearing ewes were fed either twice [i.e, controls (n = 19)] or half [i.e. nutrient-restricted (n = 28)] their energy requirements from 28 to 77 d of gestation, after which all ewes were fed to fully meet the energy requirements for maintenance and pregnancy. Close to term (145 +/- 1 d) placental weight was higher in the nutrient-restricted group [nutrient-restricted, 416.3 +/- 12.6 g; controls, 347.3 +/- 17.6 g (p < 0.01)], as was the abundance of everted placentomes. There was no significant difference in total fetal weight, or weights of individual organs between groups, but crown-rump length was significantly greater in lambs born to nutrient-restricted ewes [nutrient-restricted, 50.4 +/- 0.4 cm; controls, 48.2 +/- 0.6, cm (p < 0.01)]. Fetal to placental weight ratio was lower in the nutrient-restricted group [nutrient-restricted, 9.51 +/- 0.23; controls, 10.81 +/- 0.39 (p < 0.01)]. A stronger relationship between the total weight of the fetal component of the placental and fetal weight was observed in controls (r(2) = 0.50) than in nutrient-restricted ewes (r(2) = 0.18). In conclusion, maternal nutrient restriction over the period of rapid placental growth results in a larger placenta and altered placental to fetal weight ratio if ewes are subsequently fed to requirements for the remainder of gestation.