Protein kinase Cα and β1 isoforms are regulators of α-secretory proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein in vivo

We have recently shown that in utero treatment of guinea pigs with the DNA methylating substance methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) results in neocortical microencephalopathy, increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity and altered processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in neocortex of offspring. Here we show that PKC alpha and PKC beta1 are the key regulators of alpha -secretory APP processing in guinea pig neocortex under these experimental conditions in vivo. This conclusion is based on the selective translocation of PKC alpha and PKC beta1 isoforms to the cell membrane in MAM-treated guinea pigs, as revealed by Western blot analysis and by immunocytochemistry. Additionally, we observed that [H-3]phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C increased by 38% and enhanced basal PKC activity by 58% in the neocortex of microencephalic guinea pigs. Inhibition of PKC alpha /PKC beta1 by Go6976 abolished this difference, suggesting that constitutive overactivation of these PKC isoforms accounts for the increase in total PKC activity. We also observed a strong positive correlation between levels of alpha -secretase-processed APP and PKC activity in the neocortex of individual animals, providing further evidence for a significant role of classical PKC isoforms in nonamyloidogenic APP processing.