Progress towards a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden

The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management. Co. has in operation a safe and well integrated system for handling of all radioactive residues within Sweden. The existing central repository for low- and medium-level waste (SFR) and the central interim-storage facility for spent nuclear fuel (CLAB) can accommodate all the radioactive waste produced inside Sweden. Comprehensive research, development and demonstration activities are well under way for an encapsulation plant and a deep repository for spent fuel. These two facilities remain to be constructed to complete the waste management system. Siting of the deep repository is in progress with the aim of finding a suitable and accepted site. Implementation of the deep geological repository is a technical, scientific, social and political challenge. Smooth implementation must take into consideration both facts and emotions. Patience, flexibility and respect for the democratic process are important keywords. Research facilities, such as the underground Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory and the Encapsulation Laboratory, are important to promote scientific understanding as well as to demonstrate the disposal concept and technology.