Long-term clinical outcomes after unprotected left main trunk percutaneous revascularization in 279 patients

Background-Percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI) has been increasingly applied to unprotected left main trunk (LMT) lesions, with varied long-term success. This study attempts to define the predictors of outcome in this population. Methods and Results-Two hundred seventy-nine consecutive patients who had LMT PCI at 1 of 25 sites between 1993 and 1998 were studied. Forty-six percent of these patients were deemed inoperable or at high surgical risk. Thirty-eight patients (13.7%) died in hospital, and the rest were followed up for a mean of 19 months. The 1-year incidence was 24.2% for all-cause mortality, 20.2% for cardiac mortality, 9.8% for myocardial infarction, and 9.4% for CABG. Independent correlates of all-cause mortality were left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 30%, mitral regurgitation grade 3 or 4, presentation with myocardial infarction and shock, creatinine greater than or equal to2.0 mg/dL, and severe lesion calcification. For the 32% of patients < 65 years old with left ventricular ejection fraction > 30% and without shock, the prevalence of these adverse risk factors was low. No periprocedural deaths were observed in this low-risk subset, and the 1-year mortality was only 3.4%. Conclusions-Patients undergoing unprotected LMT PCI have frequent serious comorbidities and consequently have high event rates. PCI may be an alternative to CABG for a select proportion of elective patients and may also be appropriate for highly symptomatic inoperable patients. Meticulous follow-up of hospital survivors is required because of the rather high mortality during the first few months after treatment.