Microsatellite profiles reveal an unexpected genetic relationship between Asian populations

Allelic frequencies for up to five short tandem repeat systems (HumTH01, HumVWA, HumF13B, HumCD4, HumD21S11) were analyzed in seven population samples from Asia using the polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. Two new alleles of the CD4 and TH01 loci were detected, and sequenced and their molecular structure is presented. A phylogenetic tree based on Thai, Han Chinese (from the northeast of China), Japanese, German and Ovambo allelic frequencies was constructed and demonstrates the close relationship of the Asian populations. Additionally, allelic frequency data for the VWA and TH01 systems were determined for the south Chinese minorities Pal, Dai and Qiang and for Koreans and compared with the above data. The Bai and Dai populations were clear outliers of the cluster of all other Asians, indicating an unexpected pattern of genetic heterogeneity of the Chinese nation. Two clusters of Asian populations could be established: the Koreans and Japanese together with the Han and Qiang Chinese, and, forming a separate cluster, the Bai and Dai populations.