Urinary phthalate metabolites and semen quality: a review of a potential biomarker of susceptibility

被引:83
作者
Hauser, Russ [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Fertil Ctr,Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Boston, MA 02115 USA
来源
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY | 2008年 / 31卷 / 02期
关键词
phthalates; semen quality; sperm DNA damage; susceptibility;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00844.x
中图分类号
R69 [泌尿科学(泌尿生殖系疾病)];
学科分类号
摘要
Phthalates are a class of chemicals with widespread general population exposure. Some phthalates are reproductive and developmental toxicants in laboratory animals. Advances in the field of phthalate research in humans are dependent on the development and implementation of biomarkers to assess exposure and outcome, as well as potential markers that may be indicative of increased susceptibility. Recently, we incorporated a novel biomarker of potential 'susceptibility' into our study on the relationship of phthalates with semen quality and sperm DNA damage among men recruited from an infertility clinic. We measured urinary concentrations of three di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and two oxidative metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We calculated the percent of DEHP excreted as the hydrolytic monoester (i.e., MEHP). We referred to this as %MEHP and considered it a phenotypic marker of the proportion of DEHP excreted in the urine as MEHP. In our sperm DNA study, we found novel results for the DEHP metabolites. Although MEHP was positively correlated with the oxidative metabolites, the association of sperm DNA damage with MEHP, as compared to MEHHP and MEOHP, were in opposite directions. We hypothesized that MEHP is the bioactive toxicant and further metabolism to MEHHP/MEOHP may lower internal burden of MEHP and thus be protective from sperm DNA damage. An alternative explanation may include that the relative percentage of DEHP excreted as MEHP was a surrogate for the function of phase I enzymes. Men with high %MEHP may have higher levels of sperm DNA damage because of poor metabolism (detoxification) of other genotoxic chemicals. Our hypothesis that %MEHP may represent a phenotypic marker of metabolism is novel but requires further exploration to confirm.
引用
收藏
页码:112 / 116
页数:5
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