Development and validation of the evaluation process within supervision inventory

The purpose of this study was to develop the Evaluation Process Within Supervision Inventory (EPSI), a measure that examines evaluation practices in clinical supervision. Results based on 274 trainees with diverse training experiences indicated that the measure yields 2 theoretically consistent factors: goal setting (e.g., goals that are specific; feasible in regard to capacity, opportunity, and resources; and measurable) and feedback (e.g., feedback that is systematic, timely, clear, and balanced between positive and negative statements). Evidence of validity was based on theoretically consistent relationships between more effective goal-setting and feedback practices and (a) a stronger working alliance, (b) enhanced trainee perception of supervisor influence on self-efficacy, and (c) increased trainee satisfaction with supervision.