Role of cytokines in cardiovascular diseases: a focus on endothelial responses to inflammation

被引:304
作者
Kofler, S [1 ]
Nickel, T [1 ]
Weis, M [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hosp Munich Grosshadern, Dept Cardiol, D-81377 Munich, Germany
关键词
cardiovascular disease; cytokine; endothelial response; inflammation;
D O I
10.1042/CS20040174
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Complex cellular and inflammatory interactions are involved in the progress of vascular diseases. Endothelial cells, upon exposure to cytokines, undergo profound alterations of function that involve gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. The functional reprogramming of endothelial cells by cytokines is of importance especially in patients with chronic vascular inflammation. The intercellular network of dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, macrophages and smooth muscle cells generates a variety of stimulatory cytokines [e.g. TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL (interleukin)-1, IL-6 and IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma)] and growth factors that promote the development of functional and structural vascular changes. High concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines increase oxidative stress, down-regulate eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) bioactivity and induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Chemoattractant cytokines [e.g. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor-beta 1) and IL-8] are important regulators of inflammation-induced angiogenesis and are directly modulated by nitric oxide. This review will focus on the vascular mechanisms orchestrated by cytokines and summarizes the current knowledge concerning the contribution of cytokines to cardiovascular diseases.
引用
收藏
页码:205 / 213
页数:9
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