Important research questions in allergy and related diseases:: nonallergic rhinitis:: a GA2LEN paper

被引：153

作者：

Bousquet, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fokkens, W. ^{[3
]}

Burney, P. ^{[4
]}

Durham, S. R. ^{[4
]}

Bachert, C. ^{[5
]}

Akdis, C. A. ^{[6
]}

Canonica, G. W. ^{[7
]}

Dahlen, S. -E. ^{[8
]}

Zuberbier, T. ^{[9
]}

Bieber, T. ^{[10
]}

Bonini, S. ^{[11
]}

Bousquet, P. J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Brozek, J. L. ^{[12
]}

Cardell, L. -O. ^{[13
]}

Crameri, R. ^{[6
]}

Custovic, A. ^{[14
]}

Demoly, P. ^{[1
,2
,15
]}

van Wijk, R. G. ^{[16
]}

Gjomarkaj, M. ^{[17
]}

Holland, C. ^{[3
]}

Howarth, P. ^{[18
]}

Humbert, M. ^{[19
]}

Johnston, S. L. ^{[5
]}

Kauffmann, F. ^{[20
]}

Kowalski, M. L. ^{[21
]}

Lambrecht, B.

Lehmann, S. ^{[22
,23
]}

Leynaert, B. ^{[24
]}

Lodrup-Carlsen, K. ^{[25
,26
]}

Mullol, J. ^{[27
]}

Niggemann, B. ^{[28
]}

Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E. ^{[29
]}

Papadopoulos, N. ^{[30
]}

Passalacqua, G. ^{[7
]}

Schuenemann, H. J. ^{[12
]}

Simon, H. -U. ^{[31
]}

Todo-Bom, A. ^{[32
]}

Toskala, E. ^{[33
]}

Valenta, R. ^{[34
]}

Wickman, M. ^{[35
,36
]}

Zock, J. P. ^{[37
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Hosp, Montpellier, France

[2] CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France

[3] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands

[4] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England

[5] Ghent Univ Hosp, URL, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[6] Swiss Inst Allergy & Asthma Res SIAF, Davos, Switzerland

[7] Univ Genoa, Dept Internal Med, I-16126 Genoa, Italy

[8] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden

[9] Charite, Dept Dermatol & Allergy, D-13353 Berlin, Germany

[10] Univ Bonn, Dept Dermatol & Allergy, D-5300 Bonn, Germany

[11] Univ Naples 2, INMM CNR, Rome, Italy

[12] Italian Natl Canc Inst Regina Elena, CLARITY Res Grp, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy

[13] Karolinska Inst, Inst Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Div ENT Dis, Stockholm, Sweden

[14] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England

[15] CNRS, INSERM, U657, Montpellier, France

[16] Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands

[17] CNR, Ist Biomed & Immunol Mol, Palermo, Italy

[18] Univ Southampton, Inflammat Repair Sch Med, Div Infect, Southampton, Hants, England

[19] Univ Paris Sud, Hop Antoine Beclere, Serv Pneumol, Clamart, France

[20] INSERM, U780, Villejuif, France

[21] Med Univ Lodz, Dept Immunol Rheumatol & Allergy, Lodz, Poland

[22] Univ Hosp, Montpellier, France

[23] CNRS, Montpellier, France

[24] INSERM, U700, Paris, France

[25] Ullevel Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Oslo, Norway

[26] Univ Oslo, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway

[27] IDIBAPS, Hosp Clin, ENT Dept, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain

[28] German Red Cross Hosp, Berlin, Germany

[29] Jagiellonian Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Dis, Krakow, Poland

[30] Univ Athens, Pediat Clin 2, Dept Allergy, Athens, Greece

[31] Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland

[32] Coimbra Univ Hosp, Immunoallergol Dept, Coimbra, Portugal

[33] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Helsinki, Finland

[34] Med Univ Vienna, Div Immunopathol, Vienna, Austria

[35] Sachs Childrens Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden

[36] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden

[37] IMIM, Unitat Recerca Resp & Ambiental, Barcelona, Spain

来源：

ALLERGY | 2008年 / 63卷 / 07期

基金：

英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

asthma; epidemiology; GA(2)LEN; inflammation; nonallergic; rhinitis;

D O I：

10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01715.x

中图分类号：

R392 [医学免疫学];

学科分类号：

100102 ;

摘要：

Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) can be defined as a chronic nasal inflammation which is not caused by systemic IgE-dependent mechanisms. It is common and probably affects far more than 200 million people worldwide. Both children and adults are affected. However, its exact prevalence is unknown and its phenotypes need to be evaluated using appropriate methods to better understand its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It is important to differentiate between infectious rhinitis, allergic/NAR and chronic rhinosinusitis, as management differs for each of these cases. Characterization of the phenotype, mechanisms and management of NAR represents one of the major unmet needs in allergic and nonallergic diseases. Studies on children and adults are required in order to appreciate the prevalence, phenotype, severity and co-morbidities of NAR. These studies should compare allergic and NAR and consider different age group populations including elderly subjects. Mechanistic studies should be carried out to better understand the disease(s) and risk factors and to guide towards an improved diagnosis and therapy. These studies need to take the heterogeneity of NAR into account. It is likely that neuronal mechanisms, T cells, innate immunity and possibly auto-immune responses all play a role in NAR and may also contribute to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

引用

页码：842 / 853

页数：12

共 155 条

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