Variation in retinol and carotenoid content of milk and milk products in The Netherlands

被引:77
作者
Hulshof, PJM [1 ]
van Roekel-Jansen, T [1 ]
van de Bovenkamp, P [1 ]
West, CE [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Wageningen, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
关键词
retinol; carotenoids; milk; dairy;
D O I
10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.005
中图分类号
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号
081704 ;
摘要
Retinol and carotenoids were measured in Dutch milk and dairy products using a validated approach based on complete extraction of fat, followed by mild saponification and analysis by high -performance liquid chromatography. Raw milk, full fat milk, semi-skimmed milk and butter contain about 10 lig retinol and 6 g carotenoids per g fat. Values for retinol equivalents in milk are 10-20% higher than the values published in the Dutch food composition table. beta-Carotene comprises 90% of total carotenoids present in cow's milk, contrary to values published for human milk, which show more equally distributed carotenoids. Winter milk contains 20% less retinol and beta-carotene compared to summer milk. Retention of retinol and beta-carotene per g fat in hard cheese is one third to one half relative to the corresponding raw milk. In liquid and semi-liquid dairy products (pasteurized milk, buttermilk, vanilla custard, and yoghurt) retention of both compounds is above 80%. Recovery of carotenoids using the validated method is better than that reported by others previously. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:67 / 75
页数:9
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