Specific high-resolution computed tomography findings associated with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis

Objectives: This Study aimed to evaluate whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) could predict the results of a sputum smear in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Forty-eight patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into 2 groups: sputum smear-positive (n = 25) and -negative (n = 23). The HRCT findings were retrospectively reviewed, focusing on the presence or absence of features previously reported to indicate active pulmonary tuberculosis, including ground-glass opacity, cavitation, centrilobular opacity, and air space consolidation. Results: Although air space consolidation was the least common feature overall, it occurred significantly more frequently in the smear-positive group than in the smear-negative group. This feature also had the highest specificity and positive predictive value. Cavitation and ground-glass opacity also occurred significantly more frequently in the smear-positive group. The frequency of centrilobular opacity did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The present Study suggested that the HRCT findings of air space consolidation, cavitation, and ground-glass opacity are significantly associated with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.