Electrodeposition of Sn-Co alloys from gluconate baths

Electrodeposition of Sn-Co alloys was carried out from baths containing 2-20 g dm(-3) SnSO4, 4-18 g dm(-3) CoSO(4.)7H(2)O, C6H11O7Na and K2SO4 under different conditions of bath composition, pH, current density and temperature on to copper substrates. The influence of these variables on the cathodic potential, cathodic current efficiency and composition of the deposit were studied. The results show that the deposition of Sn-Co alloys from gluconate baths depends greatly on the concentration of tin. At high tin concentrations, tin is the more noble component. At low tin concentrations, tin reduction is strongly suppressed due to the formation of a more stable Sn-gluconate complex species and tin becomes the less noble component. The codeposition of Sn-Co alloy from these baths can be classified as an irregular plating system. The surface morphology of deposits was examined by scanning electron microscopy and crystal structure by X-ray. The results show that the structure of the deposits was controlled by the alloy composition.