A fuel-based assessment of off-road diesel engine emissions

被引:83
作者
Kean, AJ
Sawyer, RF
Harley, RA
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
来源
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION | 2000年 / 50卷 / 11期
关键词
D O I
10.1080/10473289.2000.10464233
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The use of diesel engines in off-road applications is a significant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM10). Such off-road applications include railroad locomotives, marine vessels, and equipment used for agriculture, construction, logging, and mining. Emissions from these sources are only beginning to be controlled. Due to the large number of these engines and their wide range of applications, total activity and emissions from these sources are uncertain. A method for estimating the emissions from off-road diesel engines based on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed is presented. Emission factors are normalized by fuel consumption, and total activity is estimated by the total fuel consumed. Total exhaust emissions from off-road diesel equipment (excluding locomotives and marine vessels) in the United States during 1996 have been estimated to be 1.2 x 10(9) kg NOx and 1.2 x 10(8) kg PM10. Emissions estimates published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are 2.3 times higher for both NOx and exhaust PM,, emissions than estimates based directly on fuel consumption. These emissions estimates disagree mainly due to differences in activity estimates, rather than to differences in the emission factors. All current emission inventories for off-road engines are uncertain because of the limited in-use emissions testing that has been performed on these engines. Regional- and state-level breakdowns in diesel fuel consumption by off-road mobile sources are also presented. Taken together with on-road measurements of diesel engine emissions, results of this study suggest that in 1996, off-road diesel equipment (including agriculture, construction, logging, and mining equipment, but not locomotives or marine vessels) was responsible for 10% of mobile source NOx emissions nationally, whereas on-road diesel vehicles contributed 33%.
引用
收藏
页码:1929 / 1939
页数:11
相关论文
共 10 条
[1]   Emissions from ships [J].
Corbett, JJ ;
Fischbeck, P .
SCIENCE, 1997, 278 (5339) :823-824
[2]   A fuel-based inventory for heavy-duty diesel truck emissions [J].
Dreher, DB ;
Harley, RA .
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 1998, 48 (04) :352-358
[3]  
Kirchstetter TW, 1999, ATMOS ENVIRON, V33, P2955
[4]   OFF-ROAD VEHICLES - A COMPARISON OF EMISSIONS WITH THOSE FROM ROAD TRANSPORT [J].
SAMARAS, Z ;
ZIEROCK, KH .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1995, 169 (1-3) :249-255
[5]   A fuel-based inventory of motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the Los Angeles area during summer 1997 [J].
Singer, BC ;
Harley, RA .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2000, 34 (11) :1783-1795
[6]  
*US EPA, 1998, 454E98007 EPA OFF AI
[7]  
*US EPA OFF MOB SO, 1998, NR005A US EPA OFF MO
[8]  
*US EPA OFF MOB SO, 1991, EPA21A2001 OFF MOB S
[9]  
*US EPA OFF MOB SO, 1998, NR006A US EPA OFF MO
[10]  
*US EPA OFF MOB SO, 1997, LOC EM STAND REG SUP