Residues and world-sheet instantons

We reconsider the question of which Calabi-Yau compactifications of the heterotic string are stable under world-sheet instanton corrections to the effective space-time superpotential. For instance, compactifications described by (0, 2) Linear sigma models are believed to be stable, suggesting a remarkable cancellation among the instanton effects in these theories. Here, we show that this cancellation follows directly from a residue theorem, whose proof relies only upon the right-moving world-sheet supersymmetries and suitable compactness properties of the (0, 2) Linear sigma model. Our residue theorem also extends to a new class of "half-linear" sigma models. Using these half-linear models, we show that heterotic compactifications on the quintic hypersurface in CP4 for which the gauge bundle pulls back from a bundle on CP4 are stable. Finally, we apply similar ideas to compute the superpotential contributions from families of membrane instantons in M-theory compact ifications on manifolds of G(2) holonomy.