Detection of Pulsed Gamma Rays Above 100 GeV from the Crab Pulsar

被引：150

作者：

Aliu, E. ^{[2
]}

Arlen, T. ^{[3
]}

Aune, T. ^{[4
,5
]}

Beilicke, M. ^{[6
]}

Benbow, W. ^{[7
]}

Bouvier, A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Bradbury, S. M. ^{[8
]}

Buckley, J. H. ^{[6
]}

Bugaev, V. ^{[6
]}

Byrum, K. ^{[9
]}

Cannon, A. ^{[10
]}

Cesarini, A. ^{[11
]}

Christiansen, J. L. ^{[12
]}

Ciupik, L. ^{[13
]}

Collins-Hughes, E. ^{[10
]}

Connolly, M. P. ^{[11
]}

Cui, W. ^{[14
]}

Dickherber, R. ^{[6
]}

Duke, C. ^{[15
]}

Errando, M. ^{[2
]}

Falcone, A. ^{[16
]}

Finley, J. P. ^{[14
]}

Finnegan, G. ^{[17
]}

Fortson, L. ^{[18
]}

Furniss, A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Galante, N. ^{[7
]}

Gall, D. ^{[24
]}

Gibbs, K. ^{[7
]}

Gillanders, G. H. ^{[11
]}

Godambe, S. ^{[17
]}

Griffin, S. ^{[1
]}

Grube, J. ^{[13
]}

Guenette, R. ^{[1
]}

Gyuk, G. ^{[13
]}

Hanna, D. ^{[1
]}

Holder, J. ^{[19
,20
]}

Huan, H. ^{[21
]}

Hughes, G. ^{[22
]}

Hui, C. M. ^{[17
]}

Humensky, T. B. ^{[21
]}

Imran, A. ^{[23
]}

Kaaret, P. ^{[24
]}

Karlsson, N. ^{[18
]}

Kertzman, M. ^{[25
]}

Kieda, D. ^{[17
]}

Krawczynski, H. ^{[6
]}

Krennrich, F. ^{[23
]}

Lang, M. J. ^{[11
]}

Lyutikov, M. ^{[14
]}

Madhavan, A. S. ^{[23
]}

机构：

[1] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada

[2] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA

[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[4] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[5] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[6] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA

[7] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA

[8] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[9] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA

[10] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland

[11] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland

[12] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307 USA

[13] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA

[14] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[15] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA

[16] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[17] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA

[18] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[19] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[20] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[21] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[22] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[23] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA

[24] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

[25] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA

[26] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland

[27] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

[28] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland

[29] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2011年 / 334卷 / 6052期

基金：

爱尔兰科学基金会; 美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; AREA TELESCOPE; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; MILLISECOND PULSARS; LIGHT CURVES; SLOT GAPS; NEBULA; RADIATION; TEV; CATALOG;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1208192

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

We report the detection of pulsed gamma rays from the Crab pulsar at energies above 100 giga-electron volts (GeV) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The detection cannot be explained on the basis of current pulsar models. The photon spectrum of pulsed emission between 100 mega-electron volts and 400 GeV is described by a broken power law that is statistically preferred over a power law with an exponential cutoff. It is unlikely that the observation can be explained by invoking curvature radiation as the origin of the observed gamma rays above 100 GeV. Our findings require that these gamma rays be produced more than 10 stellar radii from the neutron star.

引用

页码：69 / 72

页数：4

共 32 条

[1] THE FIRST FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS [J].

Abdo, A. A. ;

Ackermann, M. ;

Ajello, M. ;

Atwood, W. B. ;

Axelsson, M. ;

Baldini, L. ;

Ballet, J. ;

Barbiellini, G. ;

Baring, M. G. ;

Bastieri, D. ;

Baughman, B. M. ;

Bechtol, K. ;

Bellazzini, R. ;

Berenji, B. ;

Blandford, R. D. ;

Bloom, E. D. ;

Bonamente, E. ;

Borgland, A. W. ;

Bregeon, J. ;

Brez, A. ;

Brigida, M. ;

Bruel, P. ;

Burnett, T. H. ;

Buson, S. ;

Caliandro, G. A. ;

Cameron, R. A. ;

Camilo, F. ;

Caraveo, P. A. ;

Casandjian, J. M. ;

Cecchi, C. ;

Celik, Oe ;

Charles, E. ;

Chekhtman, A. ;

Cheung, C. C. ;

Chiang, J. ;

Ciprini, S. ;

Claus, R. ;

Cognard, I. ;

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;

Cominsky, L. R. ;

Conrad, J. ;

Corbet, R. ;

Cutini, S. ;

den Hartog, P. R. ;

Dermer, C. D. ;

de Angelis, A. ;

de Luca, A. ;

de Palma, F. ;

Digel, S. W. ;

Dormody, M. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2010, 187 (02) :460-494

[2] FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE CRAB PULSAR AND NEBULA [J].

Abdo, A. A. ;

Ackermann, M. ;

Ajello, M. ;

Atwood, W. B. ;

Axelsson, M. ;

Baldini, L. ;

Ballet, J. ;

Barbiellini, G. ;

Baring, M. G. ;

Bastieri, D. ;

Bechtol, K. ;

Bellazzini, R. ;

Berenji, B. ;

Blandford, R. D. ;

Bloom, E. D. ;

Bonamente, E. ;

Borgland, A. W. ;

Bregeon, J. ;

Brez, A. ;

Brigida, M. ;

Bruel, P. ;

Burnett, T. H. ;

Caliandro, G. A. ;

Cameron, R. A. ;

Camilo, F. ;

Caraveo, P. A. ;

Casandjian, J. M. ;

Cecchi, C. ;

Celik, Oe. ;

Chekhtman, A. ;

Cheung, C. C. ;

Chiang, J. ;

Ciprini, S. ;

Claus, R. ;

Cognard, I. ;

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;

Cominsky, L. R. ;

Conrad, J. ;

Dermer, C. D. ;

de Angelis, A. ;

de Luca, A. ;

de Palma, F. ;

Digel, S. W. ;

Silva, E. do Couto e ;

Drell, P. S. ;

Dubois, R. ;

Dumora, D. ;

Espinoza, C. ;

Farnier, C. ;

Favuzzi, C. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 708 (02) :1254-1267

[3] The Crab nebula and pulsar between 500 gev and 80 tev:: Observations with the HEGRA stereoscopic air Cerenkov telescopes [J].

Aharonian, F ;

Akhperjanian, A ;

Beilicke, M ;

Bernlöhr, K ;

Börst, HG ;

Bojahr, H ;

Bolz, O ;

Coarasa, T ;

Contreras, JL ;

Cortina, J ;

Denninghoff, S ;

Fonseca, MV ;

Girma, M ;

Götting, N ;

Heinzelmann, G ;

Hermann, G ;

Heusler, A ;

Hofmann, W ;

Horns, D ;

Jung, I ;

Kankanyan, R ;

Kestel, M ;

Kohnle, A ;

Konopelko, A ;

Kranich, D ;

Lampeitl, H ;

Lopez, M ;

Lorenz, E ;

Lucarelli, F ;

Mang, O ;

Mazin, D ;

Meyer, H ;

Mirzoyan, R ;

Moralejo, A ;

Oña-Wilhelmi, E ;

Panter, M ;

Plyasheshnikov, A ;

Puhlhofer, G ;

de los Reyes, R ;

Rhode, W ;

Ripken, J ;

Rowell, G ;

Sahakian, V ;

Samorski, M ;

Schilling, M ;

Siems, M ;

Sobzynska, D ;

Stamm, W ;

Tluczykont, M ;

Vitale, V .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 614 (02) :897-913

[4] VHE γ-ray observation of the Crab Nebula and its pulsar with the MAGIC telescope [J].

Albert, J. ;

Aliu, E. ;

Anderhub, H. ;

Antoranz, P. ;

Armada, A. ;

Baixeras, C. ;

Barrio, J. A. ;

Bartko, H. ;

Bastieri, D. ;

Becker, J. K. ;

Bednarek, W. ;

Berger, K. ;

Bigongiari, C. ;

Biland, A. ;

Bock, R. K. ;

Bordas, P. ;

Bosch-Ramon, V. ;

Bretz, T. ;

Britvitch, I. ;

Camara, M. ;

Carmona, E. ;

Chilingarian, A. ;

Coarasa, J. A. ;

Commichau, S. ;

Contreras, J. L. ;

Cortina, J. ;

Costado, M. T. ;

Curtef, V. ;

Danielyan, V. ;

Dazzi, F. ;

De Angelis, A. ;

Delgado, C. ;

de los Reyes, R. ;

De Lotto, B. ;

Domingo-Santamaria, E. ;

Dorner, D. ;

Doro, M. ;

Errando, M. ;

Fagiolini, M. ;

Ferenc, D. ;

Fernandez, E. ;

Firpo, R. ;

Flix, J. ;

Fonseca, M. V. ;

Font, L. ;

Fuchs, M. ;

Galante, N. ;

Garcia-Lopez, R. ;

Garczarczyk, M. ;

Gaug, M. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2008, 674 (02) :1037-1055

[5] Observation of Pulsed γ-Rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC [J].

Aliu, E. ;

Anderhub, H. ;

Antonelli, L. A. ;

Antoranz, P. ;

Backes, M. ;

Baixeras, C. ;

Barrio, J. A. ;

Bartko, H. ;

Bastieri, D. ;

Becker, J. K. ;

Bednarek, W. ;

Berger, K. ;

Bernardini, E. ;

Bigongiari, C. ;

Biland, A. ;

Bock, R. K. ;

Bonnoli, G. ;

Bordas, P. ;

Bosch-Ramon, V. ;

Bretz, T. ;

Britvitch, I. ;

Camara, M. ;

Carmona, E. ;

Chilingarian, A. ;

Commichau, S. ;

Contreras, J. L. ;

Cortina, J. ;

Costado, M. T. ;

Covino, S. ;

Curtef, V. ;

Dazzi, F. ;

De Angelis, A. ;

De Cea del Pozo, E. ;

de los Reyes, R. ;

De Lotto, B. ;

De Maria, M. ;

De Sabata, F. ;

Delgado Mendez, C. ;

Dominguez, A. ;

Dorner, D. ;

Doro, M. ;

Elsasser, D. ;

Errando, M. ;

Fagiolini, M. ;

Ferenc, D. ;

Fernandez, E. ;

Firpo, R. ;

Fonseca, M. V. ;

Font, L. ;

Galante, N. .

SCIENCE, 2008, 322 (5905) :1221-1224

[6]

[Anonymous], JODR BANK CRAB PULS

[7]

[Anonymous], ATNF PULS CAT

[8] PAIR CREATION ABOVE PULSAR POLAR CAPS - GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE AND ENERGETICS OF SLOT GAPS [J].

ARONS, J .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1983, 266 (01) :215-241

[9] MODELING OF GAMMA-RAY PULSAR LIGHT CURVES USING THE FORCE-FREE MAGNETIC FIELD [J].

Bai, Xue-Ning ;

Spitkovsky, Anatoly .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 715 (02) :1282-1301

[10] High-energy emission from pulsars: the polar cap scenario [J].

Baring, MG .

HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS, 2004, 33 (04) :552-560

← 1 2 3 4 →