Chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species are involved in hypersensitive response-like cell death mediated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade

被引:244
作者
Liu, Yidong
Ren, Dongtao
Pike, Sharon
Pallardy, Stephen
Gassmann, Walter
Zhang, Shuqun [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
[2] China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
[4] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
[5] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03191.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Plant defense against pathogens often includes rapid programmed cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR). Recent genetic studies have demonstrated the involvement of a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade consisting of three tobacco MAPKs, SIPK, Ntf4 and WIPK, and their common upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK or MEK), NtMEK2. Potential upstream MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs or MEKKs) in this cascade include the orthologs of Arabidopsis MEKK1 and tomato MAPKKK alpha. Activation of the SIPK/Ntf4/WIPK pathway induces cell death with phenotypes identical to pathogen-induced HR at macroscopic, microscopic and physiological levels, including loss of membrane potential, electrolyte leakage and rapid dehydration. Loss of membrane potential in NtMEK2(DD) plants is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is preceded by disruption of metabolic activities in chloroplasts and mitochondria. We observed rapid shutdown of carbon fixation in chloroplasts after SIPK/Ntf4/WIPK activation, which can lead to the generation of ROS in chloroplasts under illumination. Consistent with a role of chloroplast-generated ROS in MAPK-mediated cell death, plants kept in the dark do not accumulate H2O2 in chloroplasts after MAPK activation, and cell death is significantly delayed. Similar light dependency was observed in HR cell death induced by tobacco mosaic virus, which is known to activate the same MAPK pathway in an N-gene-dependent manner. These results suggest that activation of the SIPK/Ntf4/WIPK cascade by pathogens actively promotes the generation of ROS in chloroplasts, which plays an important role in the signaling for and/or execution of HR cell death in plants.
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收藏
页码:941 / 954
页数:14
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