A critical evaluation of image and video indexing techniques in the compressed domain

Image and video indexing techniques are crucial in multimedia applications. A number of indexing techniques that operate in the pixel domain have been reported in the literature. The advent of compression standards has led to the proliferation of indexing techniques in the compressed domain. In this paper, we present a critical review of the compressed domain indexing techniques proposed in the literature. These include transform domain techniques using Fourier transform, cosine transform,Karhunen-Loeve transform, Subbands and wavelets, and spatial domain techniques using vector quantization and fractals. In addition, temporal indexing techniques using motion vectors are also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.