Reliance on visual information after stroke. Part II: Effectiveness of a balance rehabilitation program with visual cue deprivation after stroke: A randomized controlled trial

Objective: To test the hypothesis that balance rehabilitation with visual cue deprivation improves balance more effectively than rehabilitation with free vision. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Public rehabilitation center in France. Participants: Twenty patients with hemiplegia after a single-hemisphere stroke that occurred at least 12 months before the study. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 balance rehabilitation programs-with and without visual cue deprivation. In all other respects, the programs were identical. Each lasted for 1 hour and was implemented 5 days a week for 4 weeks. All patients completed the program. Mean Outcome Measures: Balance under 6 sensory conditions was assessed by computerized dynamic posturography (EquiTest), gait velocity, timed stair climbing, and self-assessment of ease of gait before and after program completion. Results: After completing the program, balance, gait velocity, and self-assessment of gait improved significantly in all patients. The improvements in gait velocity (P=.03) and timed stair climbing (P=.01) correlated significantly with improved balance. Balance improved more in the vision-deprived group than in the free-vision group. Conclusions: Balance improved more after rehabilitation with visual deprivation than with free vision. Visual overuse may be a compensatory strategy for coping with initial imbalance exacerbated by traditional rehabilitation. (C) 2004 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.