A numerical simulation of the geomagnetic sudden commencement: 1. Generation of the field-aligned current associated with the preliminary impulse

The magnetospheric response to a solar wind impulse, a geomagnetic sudden commencement, is studied using an MHD model of the coupled solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system. This paper discusses propagation of the first signal launched by the impulse and generation of the field-aligned current that causes the ground magnetic signal detected as the preliminary impulse (PI). It is revealed that the PI current is first excited as an enhanced Chapman-Ferraro current in the magnetopause and next turns to the magnetosphere along the wavefront of the compressional signal launched by the impulse. It is finally converted to a field-aligned current via mode coupling due to plasma nonuniformity. The current in the wavefront region is an inertia current. We present a quantitative model of the PI model presented by Araki [1994] by using a numerical simulation.