Liquid-state properties from first-principles density functional theory calculations: Static properties

In order to test the vibration-transit (V-T) theory of liquid dynamics, ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations of thermodynamic properties of Na and Cu are performed and compared with experimental data. The calculations are done for the crystal at T=0 and T(m), and for the liquid at T(m). The key theoretical quantities for crystal and liquid are the structural potential and the dynamical matrix, both as functions of volume. The theoretical equations are presented, as well as details of the DFT computations. The properties compared with experiment are the equilibrium volume, the isothermal bulk modulus, the internal energy, and the entropy. The agreement of theory with experiment is uniformly good. Our primary conclusion is that the application of DFT to V-T theory is feasible and the resulting liquid calculations achieve the same level of accuracy as does ab initio lattice dynamics for crystals. Moreover, given the well-established reliability of DFT, the present results provide a significant confirmation of V-T theory itself.